The Pythagorean Theorem
Statement
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Code
$$
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
$$
Renders As
\[
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
\]
Why it belongs
The gateway theorem—ancient, universal, and still foundational.
